
Heart rate, a good indication of the intensity of a workout, helps an athlete to train properly and more efficiently. Athletes determine more accurately whether they are training in a “hard” or “easy” zone by reading the numbers instead of just guessing.
Before we can calculate the target zones of different workout intensities, we first need to understand these terms: Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) and Resting Heart Rate (RHR).
What is Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)?
MHR is simply the maximum number your heart can beat per minute. One’s MHR is pre-determined and won’t be affected by one’s fitness level; however this number gradually declines as people age. There are many formulas to help people estimate their MHR, among which this one is probably the most well-known:
(1) MHR = 220 – age;
But remember, this formula only offers an approximation. Some people freak out when their monitor shows a larger number than that calculated using (1); however, this simply means you have a higher MHR number than average.
If you want to take full advantage of your heart rate monitor, you need to know your TRUE MHR, which is only determined by physical tests run in a lab or on your own.
MHR is also activity-specific. For example, because one’s body weight is supported by his/her bike when cycling, MHR for biking is often lower than that for running. For best results, run physical tests to determine your MHR for different sports.
What is Resting Heart Rate (RHR)?
RHR is the heart rate of a person when he is completely at rest and not performing any activities. It is best measured at waking time. It is suggested that you take several readings of continuous mornings and use the average number as your RHR. This is because one might not get complete rest since quality of sleep is affected by stress or other factors.
Unlike MHR, RHR is affected by one’s fitness level. Your RHR drops when your fitness level elevates. People generally use their RHR to examine the quality of their workout program and make adjustments accordingly.
Target Zone Rates:
Two methods are used to calculate target zone heart rates: Standard Method and Karvonen Method.
The Standard Method:
The Standard Method takes the MHR and multiplies it by the percentage of one’s target zone to determine the target zone rates:
For example, if your MHR is 196:
| Zone | Formula | Results |
| Low Intensity | MHR x (50%-60%) | 98-118 |
| Weight Management | MHR x (60%-70%) | 118-137 |
| Aerobic Zone | MHR x (70%-80%) | 137-157 |
| Anaerobic Zone | MHR x (80%-90%) | 157-176 |
| Maximal Zone | MHR x (90%-100%) | 176-196 |
The Karvonen Method:
The Karvonen Method is widely adopted in the world of endurance sports. The calculation of the Karvonen Method involves both MHR and RHR. Considering one’s RHR changes along with one’s fitness level, the Karvonen Method is believed to be more “realistic.”
The Karvonen Method multiplies the difference of MHR and RHR by intensity and adds RHR to the product.
For example, if your MHR is 196 and RHR 60:
| Zone | Formula | Results |
| Low Intensity | (MHR-RHR) x (50%-60%)+RHR | 128-142 |
| Weight Management | (MHR-RHR) x (60%-70%)+RHR | 142-155 |
| Aerobic Zone | (MHR-RHR) x (70%-80%)+RHR | 155-169 |
| Anaerobic Zone | (MHR-RHR) x (80%-90%)+RHR | 169-182 |
| Maximal Zone | (MHR-RHR) x (90%-100%)+RHR | 182-196 |
Forthcoming articles:
How to measure your MHR on your own?
What do different zones mean and how do we incorporate them in a training program?
Picture: a Timex heart rate monitor







2005-08-15 at 10.27 am
跑步是很棒的運動
2005-08-18 at 11.18 am
Hi~
感謝你的文章分享. 裡面一些知識很受用. Thanks a lot!.
我自己也想用跑步減肥. 每次運動時間大概一個小時半. 在外面跑路跑.
地形還算稍有起伏. 大約跑個20分鐘左右, 會快走休息一下再繼續慢跑.
不知道這樣效果會不會比一口氣跑完差?
想說也跑好一段時間了, 不過體重還是沒什麼變化, 很怕看不到數字減少, 小腿就先粗啦…>_
2005-08-18 at 1.10 pm
其實運動減肥最健康,不過要有耐心,
我看書上寫很多人前半年體重計的數字都沒有下降,但是只要持之以恆,慢慢就會看到成果,而且身心也更健康,加油!
至於你跑步的方式,我覺得沒有問題,只要有持續運動30-45分鐘以上,都會燃燒脂肪,不用心急,運動以不造成身體負擔為原則!!
2005-08-22 at 11.19 pm
很專業的跑步研究,只可惜因膝蓋問題不能跑步只能走步了。目前日行七千步為運動,其他三千步自然走動(計算過我大約每天自然會走3000步左右),所以日行萬步,對膝蓋衝擊較小。只要持之以恆再加上飲食調整(多蔬果少肉油)可有效控制體重。減重運動以1st hour最有效,不必長,但需有恆心。
2005-08-22 at 11.36 pm
當預官時帶兵跑五千公尺,有一些心得.
長跑較難的部分可能是呼吸和毅力.呼吸要調長,剛開始可以兩呼兩吸,並練習配合步伐節奏.
另外,長跑會使腿修長,沒看過長跑選手腿很粗的.反過來說,腿修長的阿兵哥很容易跑五千公尺,腿太粗太細的就很累.
短跑可能不太一樣吧
2005-10-16 at 7.51 pm
我是因为脚掌的落地问题才查看您的文章的,先表示对您的感谢!!!但是,对于您所说的第二种着地方法,我有点不是太懂:在跑步进行当中,因为跑步是一个比较快的身体动作,前脚掌先着地了,那么还有时间让整个脚掌着地么?如果您看见我的问题了并且有时间回答我的问题,我会很高兴的;不回答也没有什么,我还是挺感谢您的!那么再见了,祝你工作生活愉快!!!
2005-10-17 at 9.48 am
根據我的了解,兩派爭論的是,在著地的那一剎那,究竟是那一部份的腳掌先接觸到地面呢?(這個時間是相當短暫的)
在長跑的時候(短跑不一樣),足部離地面的距離一直是很小的,接觸地面後的那一剎那之後,很快地,腳面就已經落平了。
希望這有回答到你的問題
2006-01-03 at 2.26 am
那請問您的暖身和緩和都是怎麼做的呢?
基本上我暖身大概10分鐘,包含伸展跟拉筋。
接著慢走一圈,再開始進行慢跑。
跑完預定目標,ex:5000m,就慢走一、二圈。
再繼續快走十圈左右,然後進入緩和運動。
緩和運動會做的比較久,10~20分鐘。
一開始會先坐在地上,伸直雙腳上下拍打地面。100~200下~
然後進行大腿前方、側面、小腿肚三區拍打按摩。
再來則是拉筋和伸展。請問我的方式是否錯了?
剛跑完真的大腿前側的股四頭肌肌群會痠。
不過後來加入了大腿的拉筋,感覺就好多了~
至少不會隔日還在痠……
看到您提出的拉筋探討,我熊熊大驚了一下。囧rz
要怎樣才能避免運動傷害呢?希望能一直跑下去….
我也都有配戴踝關節和膝關節的謢具。
不知道您是否能給我點建議呢?謝謝。^ ^
2006-01-03 at 8.47 pm
我以前讀到關於拉筋的討論,也是熊熊大驚了一下,
為了這個,我還跑去問學校的醫生,他說目前還不能確定拉筋可以幫助預防運動傷害。但是適度的拉筋是有幫助的。至少拉筋讓人感覺舒服。
不過不要過度拉筋,拉筋的時候,應該不會感覺到不舒服,如果身體感覺到痛或是勉強就應該停止,另外針對一個部分,也不要拉過長的時間。
拉筋的時候,要記住身體不要太冷。運動後的拉筋比運動前的拉筋較好些,不過就像上一段所說的,千萬不要勉強拉筋的動作!
我暖身就是走,慢走,快走,慢慢地進展到跑步速度,緩和就是慢慢減緩速度,再好好走好一陣子,直到身體感覺舒服,心跳數感覺正常為止。
2006-08-21 at 10.00 am
小PO你寫的實在比我的精彩豐富多了…汗顏中
有機會再向你請教 ^_^
2009-02-14 at 8.52 am
拉筋:要跑步前拉及跑步後拉,跑前拉原因是會比較跑的動,跑後拉的原因是隔天腳不會痠痛.
呼吸也很重要,記得要吸飽氣,吐盡氣,並且配合步伐規律的執行呼吸,
2009-10-08 at 10.04 pm
我也喜歡慢跑
慢跑的時候可以想很多事情
也可以什麼都不想
享受著微風吹來(尤其現在的天氣)
我現在有參加一個Nike鞋測的活動
http://www.nikerunning.com.tw/rt09/?list=2
邀請您看看我的文章分享交流一下
謝謝!